Differences in ethnic experiences of criminal justice system Essay

Ethnic minorities, afro-Caribbean’s and, to a lesser extent, Asians, are vastly over represented in official statistics for criminal offending, and convictions, but these statistics are not necessarily representative of what is real. An example of these statistics is that black people make up 2. 7% of the British population, and Asians 4. 7%, but black people make up 11% of the prison population, and Asians 6%. Experiences amongst different ethnic groups who interact with the criminal justice system are still very diverse. Whilst self-report studies show that whites are more likely to offend than blacks and Asians even less likely (Indians 30%, Pakistanis 28% and Bangladeshis 13% according to Graham and Bowling) this does not represent the experiences of said ethnic groups. The criminal justice system consists of a number of steps which include policing, stop and search, arrests/cautions, prosecutions, trials, convictions, sentencing and prison and at each stage it appears that blacks, and more recently Asians, are much more likely to face injustice, abuse or negativity within the criminal justice system. Phillips and Bowling note that since the 1970s many allegations of oppressive policing towards ethnic minorities have been put forward with â€Å"mass stop and search operations†¦ excessive surveillance, armed raids, police violence†. With policies such as the Stop and Search and the Terrorism Act (2000), police officers may stop at any time or place, any vehicle or person and search them for any or no reasons, but the patterns of how these policies put to use are disproportionate towards ethnic minorities; black people are 7 times likely to be stopped than whites, and Asians 3 times as likely. Police disproportionately using stop and search techniques against minority ethnic groups may be the result of police racism, which the Macpherson report of 1999 highlights. Institutional racism within the police force and its individual members may make officers more suspicious, weary and paranoid about ethnic minorities. This could also be the result of demography, ethnic minorities are over-represented in the social groupings most likely to be stopped and search, such as young, unemployed, working-class males. However this could simply reflect the differences in offending between ethnic groups. But more evidence for institutional racism towards certain ethnic groups appears when we investigate more, white people are given cautions for crimes much more often than blacks or Asians, arrest rates for blacks are 3. 6 times higher than for whites. This again indicates some kind of unfair or racist treatment; however it could be the result of blacks or Asians being more likely to deny an offence and look for legal advice out of mistrust for the police, leading to an eventual arrest, as we have already noted that these minorities are more likely to be unfairly policed by officers. The mistrust of the system may also result in ethnic minorities who go on trial opting for a jury. Although in contrast, 60% of white defendants found guilty as compared with only 52% of blacks and 44% of Asians, and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) more likely to drop cases against ethnic minorities. This suggests that police are bringing weak cases against ethnic minorities to court, thus being abandoned. Although this suggests a more fair treatment in regards to prosecution and conviction, it indicates police racism in forcing ethnic minorities into court for frivolous crimes. Ethnic groups such as blacks and Asians possibly have a much harder and more negatively perceived experience of the criminal justice system because they are subject to a lot of discrimination, for instance in self-report studies when asked for the perpetrators ethnicity, many people would often guess † black † even if they aren’t sure, reinforcing the negative ethnic stereotype. Since the 9/11 attacks suspicions about Muslims have risen greatly, even though they cannot be justified on the large scale discrimination and prejudice they experience, this prejudice can often lead to over policing in ethnic minority areas, thus adding to the disparity in the criminal statistics, it may not be that these ethnic groups are committing more crime, it could just be that there are more police acting in a vigilant way around and towards these groups, so they are punished more harshly. It could be argued that if the same amount of vigilance and over-policing was applied to white communities equally, the statistics may equalize. Whilst it is clear that Blacks and Asians are overrepresented in criminal statistics, the extent of this remains to be seen, it is possible that the reality is that those ethnic groups, on average, do commit more crimes than others, it is also possible this is false.

Human beings Essay

As human beings, we sometimes wonder why some things are the way they are. These questions come as a result of us being curious about what is around us. Man has to be aware of himself and his immediate environment. Generally, one of the basic characteristic of human beings is self-awareness and self-discovery. Man finds himself doing some things and wonders why he is doing such things the way he/she is doing them. Thus, in order for man to function properly in his society, he must understand some things about himself in order to unlock the mystery behind his behavioral pattern. This becomes important because self-discovery is the only way to understand one’s place or position in the universe. Personally, I have sought to know how my life fits into my environment. For one, I believe that things don’t just happen and that man is not just created to fill an empty space. This has made me embark on a quest to understand what the world actually is and how I fit into this mysterious world. I am a proponent of the purposeful universe and I believe, as opposed to the idea of Charles Darwin, that the world is essentially created to fulfill a purpose and that it is part of a â€Å"master plan†. Therefore whatever happens in this life, as I believe, is to fulfill a purpose and come from intent. The question here is who is the purposed the world and who is the master planner? In her book titled, â€Å"The Hidden Heart of the Cosmos†, Brian Swimme maintained that the world is not a series of puzzle but an amazing mystery that shows the presence of God in each passing phase. This essentially deviates from the theory of evolution. For Brian, we as humans are at the center of the universe and our discovery of this fact will determine make us appreciate the world we live in the more. He believes that not only is the universe a work of the divine, it is also supported by the will of the divine. Therefore, we will be making a categorical mistake by conceiving that things or occurrences in the world are merely a product of chance. From my point of view, I think that Brian Swimme has a point. This is because some things can not be explained from the point of Darwinism. For instance, as a child, I have always wondered which came first between the chicken and the egg. If eggs hatches into chickens and chickens lay eggs, then which one will we say came first? Although science can be credited for a lot of things that they have sought real explanations to, there are some things that transcend scientific explanation. This is accounted for in the thought of Huston Smith. In his book titled â€Å"Why Religion Matters; The Fate of the Human Spirit in an Age of Disbelief†, he claims that scientism has taken over all spheres of our lives and we will be committing a mistake if we believe that its explanations are the only valid explanations. I believe that the world is a masterpiece and it is sustained by the master planner – the silent onlooker who sees and sustains the universe with his power and in his might. Furthermore, I believe that since the world is created for a specific purpose, then man as an integral part of this universe is also created for a purpose, which is to be the representative of the divine here on earth. Consequently, this should make us pursue some values that will facilitate the purpose of the divine in this world. I believe that the divine has given man the power to make choices but that power should be tailored towards the achievement of the divine purpose. Liberty, as I believe, is not the right to do what we â€Å"want† but we are at liberty so that we can do what we â€Å"have to do†. As a result of these, I live with the consciousness of the fact that I have to fulfill my purpose. Personally, I believe that we as humans should value the equality of humanity and should treat each man as Immanuel Kant said; we should treat each man as an end in themselves and never as a means to an end. I believe that we should strive for whatever will be considered virtuous by the divine. As human beings, we must seek to value each other by being truthful and faithful to one another. This, for me, is the greatest form of respect that we can give one another. Reference: Huston Smith, â€Å"Why Religion Matters; The Fate of the Human Spirit in an Age of Disbelief† Harper Collins 2001 ISBN 0-06-067102-5, 14. 95 Brain Swimme â€Å"The Hidden Heart of the Cosmos†, Orbis, 1996 (1999, ISBN 1570752818)

Anchoring script for student Orientation in university

1.List down Industry domains where Data warehousing technologies have been deployed? 2. List and define the OLAP operations. 3. What are the data integration challenges and how to cater them? OLAP Operations One of the most compelling front-end applications for OLAP is a PC spreadsheet program. Below is the list of some popular operations that are supported by the multidimensional spreadsheet applications. Roll-up Takes the current aggregation level of fact values and does a further aggregation on one or more of the dimensions. Equivalent to doing GROUP BY to this dimension by using attribute hierarchy. Decreases a number of dimensions removes row headers. SELECT [attribute list], SUM [attribute names] FROM [table list] WHERE [condition list] GROUP BY [grouping list]; Drill-down Opposite of roll-up. Summarizes data at a lower level of a dimension hierarchy, thereby viewing data in a more specialized level within a dimension. Increases a number of dimensions adds new headers Slice Performs a selection on one dimension of the given cube, resulting in a sub-cube. Reduces the dimensionality of the cubes.  Sets one or more dimensions to specific values and keeps a subset of dimensions for selected values. Dice  Define a sub-cube by performing a selection of one or more dimensions. Refers to range select condition on one dimension, or to select condition on  more than one dimension. Reduces the number of member values of one or more dimensions. Pivot (or rotate) Rotates the data axis to view the data from different perspectives. Groups data with different dimensions. Drill-across Accesses more than one fact table that is linked by common dimensions. Combines cubes that share one or more dimensions. Drill-through Drill down to the bottom level of a data cube down to its back-end relational tables. Cross-tab Spreadsheet style row/column aggregates.

Determining the Effectiveness of a Food Preservative (THIS IS A CASE Essay

Determining the Effectiveness of a Food Preservative (THIS IS A CASE STUDY) - Essay Example Direct microscopic counts cannot distinguish between dead and living bacteria. Dead bacteria result from the fact that the â€Å"natural environments [for bacteria] do not always resemble standard laboratory culture media† (Roszak & Colwell, 1987). Hence, death of some bacteria is expected. Standard plate counts may not be able to differentiate among the different types of bacteria but is reliable when it comes to giving information about disease-causing bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (â€Å"Swimming Pool,† 2010). Identifying the growth and metabolism of organisms such as P. aeruginosa in cottage cheese can give insights on how effective a preservative is or, more specifically, how long it will last in protecting the cheese from bacteria. Moreover, standard plate counts seem to be the method of choice when it comes to experiments with cottage cheese, as long as the laboratory environment and all other variables are properly regulated (Fedio et al., 1994). Another thing is that, P. aeruginosa forms three colony types – a small and rough one, one with a fried-egg appearance, and one with a mucoid appearance (Todar, 2011). Due to such differences in colonies, the number of bacteria will therefore obviously be relatively hard to determine through a d irect microscopic count and hence will require a standard plate count. Besides, a standard plate count is appropriate for counting colony-forming bacteria (Todar, 2009). Turbidity measurements, just like direct microscopic counts, may fail to give an accurate bacterial count because it â€Å"cannot detect cell densities less than 107 cells per ml† (Todar, 2009). This means that colonies must have approximately at least 10,000,000 cells before it can be detected through turbidity measurements. Considering that colonies of P. aeruginosa are varied in many aspects like appearance, it is possible to obtain samples where colonies would have cells less than the minimum limit that can be detected

Observing the moon Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Observing the moon - Assignment Example When you make your fist and hold it out at arm’s length, it represents approximately 10 degrees. This can be checked out by going fist over fist from the horizon to the point directly over your head which is 90 degrees from the horizon to the point directly overhead thus should span approximately 9’fists’. From each observation of the moon, find the moon in the sky and find the point along the horizon directly below the moon. Measure how many fists the moon is above the horizon. This will be the altitude measurement of the moons line touches the horizon. Though measuring azimuth is a bit trickier, this is the number of degrees along the horizon starting from true north and always passing through the east. One has to find out where north is and then drop imagined line down from the moon to the horizon and count how many fists it takes to go from north to where the imaginary line touches the horizon. Since each fist equals 10 degrees, increase the number of fists u sed by 10 to get the azimuth in degrees. It is advisable that you should make your observations from the same location in order not to determine true north every time. At first the new moon is seen. The moon, sun and earth are in approximate alignment. The new moon is on the opposite side of the earth such that the entire sunlit part of the moon is facing us. The shadowed portion is entirely hidden from view. At first and third quarter moons happens when the moon is at a 90 degree angle with respect to the earth and sun. In this case, we only see half of the moon illuminated and half in shadow. In the waxing crescent, the sunlit portion is increasing but less than half. On the other hand, waxing gibbous refers to when the sunlit portion increases but is now more than half. At full moon, there is maximum illumination and after this, the light continually decreases hence waning gibbous phase occurs next. The third quarter is then followed by the waning crescent which wanes until

Macro-prudential Policies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macro-prudential Policies - Coursework Example A long-term environmental and social impact forms a group of another driver. A series of related events straight from resource limitations and climatic variations in unmanageable debt levels has significant implications for a long-term economic pattern. Consequently, the factors are so crucial in the long-term savings, particularly, in available pension schemes as well in the insurance industry. The third driver is Technological innovation. The use of information technology in communication as well in the commerce sector. This has contributed to the revolution in a manner that the financial transactions are processed and leads to the provision of totally new services as well as business models. To this effect, there are two different connected and overlapping technological systems.This has led to the increase in volume and variety of big data as well regular network connection (Acharya, and Yorulmaze,2008, p.2017). Hence, these probably need some components of financial systems. The aspects are significant since they help in adjusting the latter in order to sustain the relevance and profitability in the future financial system. Besides, Innovations in economics and monetary policy is one o the key drivers that affect the financial system. The financial calamity has led to an analysis of earlier theories and policy instruments that are found in the sectors of macroeconomics and finance. Consequently, the theories help manage monetary policies and regulations of the financial system.

Culture, Technology, and Expansion Discussion Essay

Culture, Technology, and Expansion Discussion - Essay Example in which a whole range of political and social patterns as well as institutions that have been conventionally considered part of the European history were formed. During this period, a range of cultural identities and political boundaries were developed in many European countries that included Germany, France, Italy, Iberia, British Isles, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. The time from 1000 to 1300 was when there happened a chain reaction in terms of advancements in the society, political life and economy which led to the development of new traditions in art and literature, scholarship, philosophy and religion. A vast majority of these trends have become intrinsic features of the contemporary European culture. Technology played a very important role in this cultural expansion. The rapid change of economy in the medieval Europe can fundamentally be attributed to the innovations in agriculture, expansion of territories and identification of newer construction techniques for the development of cities which was not achievable without the advancement of

The life of Paulo Mars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The life of Paulo Mars - Essay Example He would often go on the streets to beg and steal for hunger and the pale and sullen face of his mother drove him mad. In his mind’s eye he bred the dream of a life denied to him. When the Mercedes Benz dashed on the roadside his eyes snore. When he was caught pick pocketing and battered by the crowd the dying cinders of angst and revolt caught fire deep within his soul. Why should everybody else have everything and he nothing? Why should only he live a life of denial and death? Why should the people who live in skyscraping towers, who wear silk and satin and eat the Manna sent by God and he go empty stomach for many days and nights. Strangely and more mysteriously the life of Creme-de-la creme (upper classes) held a charm for him a deadly charm which would enmesh his whole life, his whole existence. When Paulo grew up the secret whisperer into his soul found a way. He sold himself to the devil by joining the drug trafficking racket. It promised him instant money, money the wi ndow to all that he dreamed, all that he desired. He struck a deal with nearby drug pedling guys who would give him the cocaine and hash which he would just have to transfer to a guy in a big white cabin in return he would get loads and loads of money. One fine morning he was supposed to pack on his body loads of cocaine and then cover up with a long jacket and over coat.

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FOOD MICROBIOLOGY - Lab Report Example The most common cause of food poisoning is bacteria. These bacteria cause symptoms such as vomiting, stomach cramps, headache, diarrhoea, fever or a combination of the above. Some food poisoning bacteria can cause death. Under the right environmental conditions, that is, warmth, food, moisture and time, bacteria can multiply through mitosis where one can split into two in every 10-20 minutes. Bacteria grow at temperatures between 5 and 63 OC and thrives at temperatures of about 37Â °C. Dried foods have a longer shelf life because bacteria needs moisture to grow. High levels of sugar or salt and acid is unconducive for the growth of bacteria. Bacteria also prefers foods that are high in protein and moisture. These high risk foods include meat, poultry, eggs and fish. There are various types of food poisoning bacteria with each having own food sources. Salmonella is found in many types of raw meat, Listeria is found in raw poultry and other meats, Escherichia coli is found in raw meat, Clostridium perfringens is found in raw meat, vegetables, herbs and spices, while staphylococcus aureus is obtained from food handlers. (Ridgewell, 2001). In the early 1980s, the number of recorded human cases of Salmonella enterica rose to over 10,000 cases in the UK, then increased for 20 years in England and Wales to a peak of 33,000 cases in 1997 (Cogan & Humprey, 2003). From 1998, the number has been decreasing till date. However, according to (Public Health England, 2014) there was an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis that caused three deaths and an outbreak of 247 cases from 158 on 15th of August 2014. There were 99 cases in Hampshire, 39 in Cheshire, 30 in London and 54 in the West Midlands. Salmonella Enteritidis is a bacterium that causes gastrointestinal illness and is often associated with poultry and eggs. Salmonella belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae and are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli. Salmonella has an incubation

Academic and Career Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic and Career Goals - Essay Example I have a positive attitude towards my academic achievements and this is what I will use to help me attain my goal within the specified time frame. I will however need to adjust my schedule and dedicate more time to academic than before but I have hopes that my grad team will help me on that. My career goal is based on my academic goal and it is to become a successful RN with my own private practice to help people with terminal illnesses enjoy and be comfortable in their last years of life. The motivation to do this is extrinsic and comes from my family members some of whom have terminal illnesses but cannot get the comfort and joy needed to overcome the illnesses and enjoy their last years due to lack of proper private practices set out particularly for such a tasks. Seeing them receive only professional help where there is lack of love and social support is what drives me to want to achieve my set career goal and make a difference in the community of the people with terminal illnesses. The attitude I have which I will have acquired from experience as a LPN and academic achievement will help me sail through this tasking career goal smoothly. I believe I have no adjustments to make since I will have all I require to achieve my career goal once I complete my education. The above grad team is my key to achieving my academic goal and finally to having a successful career goal and hence close contact and mutual relationship is very necessary. My admissions representative will come in handy when the time comes to make transition to RN from LPN without having to wait for several months for the application to go through since I am on a time schedule to attain the goal. This will also not be successful if my academic counselor does not constantly advise me and keep me in check on my academic work, upping my grades and putting more effort not only in class but also during my

Church and Government Essay Example for Free

Church and Government Essay According to Article II, Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states that, the separation of Church and State shall be inviolable and Article III, Section 5 states, No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall be forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Given the articles of the constitution regarding the relationship of the church and the state, is the Catholic Church violating the principle of the Separation of Church and State by daring to speak out against certain bills? First, what does the separation of the church and state really means? The separation of the state means that the state does not have an official religion. It means that the people are free to choose in what religion depending in their own belief. It also means that there should be no laws that shall be pass that favors a religion over the other. It also means that there should be no discrimination of the religion and belief of the people. In short, what the union of the church and the state really means is that the citizens should be forced to follow a particular doctrine and those that do not follow should be penalized. We can see from banners outside of cathedrals the popular phrase â€Å"No to RH Bill, Yes to Life.† But can we consider this action as a violation of the constitution? The separation of the church and the state does not mention that church officials cannot speak or try to influence the state policy. Since the Philippines is a democratic country, every person, group and organization is free to express their own opinion regarding certain issues. The church does not force people to go against a certain bills; the decision still lies in the people according to their conscience and understanding. It means that the church is not violating the constitution since it is only expressing its right to speak in order of its belief. Given the reasons above, that the Philippines has no state religion and given that the state does not subsidize the church, and that no church has any official access to the instruments of state power, I believe that the church does not violate the constitution and that there is really a separation of the church and the state.

Existence of youth culture Essay Example for Free

Existence of youth culture Essay There is debate within the scientific community about whether or not youth culture exists. Some researchers argue that youths values and morals are not distinct from those of their parents, which means that youth culture is not a separate culture. Others note that we must be cautious about extrapolating a current effect to other periods of history. Just because we see the presence of what seems to be a youth culture today does not mean that this phenomenon extends to all generations of young people. Additionally, peer influence varies greatly between contexts and by sex, age, and social status, making a single youth culture difficult, if not impossible, to define. Others argue that there are definite elements of youth society that constitute culture, and that these elements differ from those of their parents culture. Janssen et al. have used the terror management theory (TMT) to argue for the existence of youth culture.[5] TMT is a psychological concept that hypothesizes that culture originates from an attempt to cope with the knowledge of their mortality. Society does this by adopting a worldview and developing self-esteem. Researchers test TMT by exposing people to reminders of their mortality. TMT is supported if being reminded of death causes people to cling more strongly to their worldview. Janssen et al. tested the following hypothesis: If youth culture serves to help adolescents deal with problems of vulnerability and finiteness, then reminders of mortality should lead to increased allegiance to cultural practices and beliefs of the youth. Their results supported their hypothesis and the results of previous studies, suggesting that youth culture is, in fact, a culture. Schwartz and Merten used the language of adolescents to argue for the presence of youth culture as distinct from the rest of society. Schwartz argued that high school students used their vocabulary to create meanings that are distinct to adolescents. Specifically, the adolescent status terminology (the words that adolescents use to describe hierarchical social statuses) contains qualities and attributes that are not present in adult  status judgments. According to Schwartz, this reflects a difference in social structures and the way that adults and teens experience social reality. This difference indicates cultural differences between adolescents and adults, which supports the presence of a separate youth culture.

Performance of Unified Power Quality Conditioner

Performance of Unified Power Quality Conditioner ABSTRACT Power electronics is playing an important role in transmission and utilization of electrical power due to its capability of processing electric power in most efficient and cost-effective way. However, the nonlinear characteristics of power electronic devices give rise to two important limitations; they generate harmonics and draw lagging current from the utility. In recent years unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is being used as a universal active power conditioning device to compensate both harmonics as well as reactive power. UPQC is an advanced version of unified power flow controller (UPFC). The performance of UPQC mainly depends upon how quickly and accurately compensation signals are derived. The UPQC mitigates harmonics and provides reactive power to the power systems network so as to improve the power factor close to unity. The UPQC is a combination of shunt active and series active power filters connected through a dc bus. The shunt active filter of UPQC acts as a current source for injecting compensating current through a shunt transformer, whereas, the series active filter acts as a voltage source for feeding compensating voltage through a series transformer. The aim of the dissertation work is to study the control strategies of UPQC based on PI controller and fuzzy logic controller in detail. In the case of PI controller, the dc link voltage is sensed at regular intervals and is compared with a reference value. The error signal thus derived is processed in a PI controller. A limit is put on the output of the controller to ensure that the shunt active power filter supplies active power of the load through the series active power filter. The fuzzy logic controller is basically nonlinear and adaptive in nature. This gives a robust performance in the cases where the effects of parameter variation of controller are also taken into consideration. It is a well established fact that the fuzzy logic controller yields results that are superior to those obtained as compare to those obtained through conventional controllers such as PI and PID because of the fact that it is based on linguistic variable set theory and does not require a mathematical model. Generally, the input variables are error and rate of change of error. If the error if coarse, the fuzzy controller provide coarse tuning to the output variable and if the error is fine it provides fine tuning of the output variable. The present thesis investigates PI controller and fuzzy logic controller as concerned to UPQC application for power quality improvement. The UPQC is studied and its advantages over conventional APFs and UPFC are discussed in detail. The relevant mathematical models and equations to explain the working of UPFC are derived for both the cases (PI controller and fuzzy logic controller).The relevant simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The result obtained reveals that the fuzzy logic controller gives better dynamic performance than the PI controller for power quality improvement. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Theory The electrical power system consisting of generation, transmission and distribution system are based on alternative voltage and currents. When linear load consisting of inductances, capacitances and resistances are connected to the power system the sine wave is preserved and the system components are said to be linear. Traditionally, linear loads consume major part of electrical power. However situation has changed now as more and more electrical power are being developed using power electronic devices due to their energy efficiency and control. Power electronic devices possess inherent non linear characteristics. The nonlinear characteristics of this devices results in two important limitations, drawing of large reactive volt-amperes and injection of harmonics into the utility. Large reactive volt-amperes drawn from the utility leads to increase voltage drops at various buses. The harmonics increase the losses in transformers, generators, motors, capacitors, conductors, etc. some of the control devices interfaced with the utility starts malfunctioning due to excessive harmonic currents. As the non linear load consists of the major portion of the total load for the last two three decades, reactive power compensation and harmonic filtering have received a great deal of attention. To restrict the consumers against excessive loading VARs and harmonics, stricter standards has been laid down by the utilities. Most popular among them is standard 519-1992 [1]. Static VAR compensators using thyristor switched capacitors (TSC) and thyristor control inductors (TCI) [2], [3] have been traditionally used for reactive power compensation. As the VAR generated in these schemes are directly proportional to the energy storage capability of capacitors and inductors, there is considerable increase in the size of these elements when the VARs to be compensated are large. Moreover TSC and TCI produce additional current harmonics. Therefore shunt passive filters require filtering them out. Active power filter (APF) using voltage or current source inverter can be used for reactive power compensation and harmonic filtering together. The major advantage of using voltage source or current source inverter is that the size of the energy storing element is drastically reduced as compare to TSC or TCI. The shunt APF is the most commonly used APF. The power circuit of shunt APF is shown in Fig. 1.1. In shunt APF, a reactive volt ampere calculation estimates the real component of the load current, Ipland then determines the resistive component of the load current by subtracting Ipl from IL(Iql= IL-Ipl). If nonlinearity present in the load current, it is present in Iql as well. Since compensation current Icomp is made to follow Iql, load harmonics also get eliminated. Apart from shunt APF various other APF topologies such as series active filter, hybrid series active filter and power line conditioner have been proposed in the literature. The series active filter as shown in Fig. 1.2 is connected in series with supply mains using a matching transformer. Its limitation is that the presence of active impedance in series with source produces voltage harmonics. IL = Ipl +Iql Source Icomp = Iql Source Source side Series transformer Load side Shunt transformer DC Link Capacitor Converter 1 converter 2 Using combine series APF and shunt APF unified power flow controller (UPFC) realized, which performs active power compensation, reactive power compensation and phase angle regulation. UPFC believed to be the most complete power conditioning device. But as the time changes, problem also changes. Now days electrical engineers facing problem regarding harmonic compensation, voltage sag and voltage flickering and UPFC is not able to overcome these problems. So a new concept based on UPFC derived called unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) as shown in Fig. 1.3, which performs all the basic functions of UPFC in addition it also compensate for current /voltage harmonics with constant voltage maintenance at load terminals. 1.2 Unified Power Quality Conditioner The UPQC is the most versatile and complex of the FACTS devices, combining the features of the STATCOM and the SSSC. The UPQC can provide simultaneous control of all basic power system parameters, transmission voltage harmonic compensation, impedance and phase angle. It is recognized as the most sophisticated power flow controller currently, and probably the most expensive one. The basic components of the UPQC are two voltage source inverters (VSIs) sharing a common dc storage capacitor, and connected to the power system through coupling transformers. One VSI is connected to in shunt to the transmission system via a shunt transformer, while the other one is connected in series through a series transformer. A basic UPQC functional scheme is shown in Fig.1.3. The series inverter is controlled to inject a symmetrical three phase voltage system of controllable magnitude and phase angle in series with the line to control active and reactive power flows on the transmission line. So, this i nverter will exchange active and reactive power with the line. The reactive power is electronically provided by the series inverter, and the active power is transmitted to the dc terminals. The shunt inverter is operated in such a way as to demand this dc terminal power (positive or negative) from the line keeping the voltage across the storage capacitor Vdc constant. So, the net real power absorbed from the line by the UPQC is equal only to the losses of the inverters and their transformers. The remaining capacity of the shunt inverter can be used to exchange reactive power with the line so to provide a voltage regulation at the connection point [8]-[11]. A conventional UPQC topology is comprised of the integration of two active power filters connected back to back to a common dc link bus. A simple block diagram of a typical UPQC is shown in Fig. 1.4. The first active filter connected in series through an injection transformer is commonly termed as series filters (SF). It acts as a controlled voltage generator. It has capability of voltage imbalance compensation, voltage regulation and harmonic compensation at the utility-consumer PCC. In addition to this, it provides harmonic isolation between a sub-transmission system and a distribution system. A UPQC consists of combination of shunt active filter and series active filter with a common dc link as shown in Fig. 1.4. The dc link capacitor allows the active power generated by the shunt active filter and active power drawn by the series filter to be same. Further dc link capacitor increases or decreases with respect to rated voltage which depends upon power generated and absorbed by both active filter can be choosen independently which gives flexibility to the power outlet. The performance of these active filters is based on three basic design criteria. They are: Design of power inverter (semiconductor switches, inductances, capacitors, dc voltage); PWM control method (hysteresis, triangular carrier, periodical sampling); Method used to obtain the current reference or the control strategy used to generate the reference template. Both series voltage control and shunt current control involve use of voltage source converters. Both these inverters each consisting of six IGBTs with anti parallel diode connected with each IGBT are operated in current control mode employing PWM control technique. Capacitor is used as an interface between the two back to back connected inverters and the voltage across it acts as the dc voltage source driving the inverters The two VSIs can work independently of each other by separating the dc side. So in that case, the shunt inverter is operating as a STATCOM that generates or absorbs reactive power to regulate the voltage magnitude at the connection point. Instead, the series inverter is operating as SSSC that generates or absorbs reactive power to regulate the current flow, and hence the power flows on the transmission line. The UPQC has many possible operating modes. In particular, the shunt inverter is operating in such a way to inject a controllable current into the transmission line. The shunt inverter can be controlled in two different modes: (1) VAR Control Mode:The reference input is an inductive or capacitive VAR request. The shunt inverter control translates the VAR reference into a corresponding shunt current request and adjusts gating of the inverter to establish the desired current. For this mode of control a feedback signal representing the dc bus voltage, Vdc, is also required. (2)Automatic Voltage Control Mode:The shunt inverter reactive current is automatically regulated to maintain the transmission line voltage at the point of connection to a reference value.. The series inverter controls the magnitude and angle of the voltage injected in series with the line to influence the power flow on the line. The actual value of the injected voltage can be obtained in several ways: Direct Voltage Injection Mode:The reference inputs are directly the magnitude and phase angle of the series voltage. Phase Angle Shifter Emulation mode: The reference input is phase displacement between the sending end voltage and the receiving end voltage. Line Impedance Emulation mode: The reference input is an impedance value to insert in series with the line impedance. Automatic Power Flow Control Mode:The reference inputs are values of active and reactive power to maintain the transmission line despite system changes. A UPQC control strategy should preferably have following attributes: (1) Shunt converter Reactive power control by shunt current injection Real power regulation through dc link capacitor DC capacitor voltage regulation Harmonic compensation (2) Series converter Real reactive power control by series voltage injection Voltage control Phase angle regulation Power factor correction 1.3 Characteristics of UPQC Basic characteristics of UPQC are same as UPFC but UPQC in addition, performs active filtering. The operation of UPQC from the standpoint of conventional power transmission based on reactive shunt compensation, series compensation and phase angle regulation, the UPQC fulfill these functions there by meet multiple control objectives by adding injected voltage with appropriate magnitude and phase angle to the terminal voltage. Using phasor representation, basic UPQC control functions explained: (1)Terminal Voltage Regulation The change in voltage shown in Fig.1.5 is injected in phase or anti phase. UPQC with its series voltage control detects and calculates the required terminal voltage vo to be injected in series with the line to compensate both the dip and swell in the supply voltage. vo + vo vo (2) Series Capacitive Compensation Here, vpq = vc where vcis injected capacitive voltage in quadrature to the line current functionally it is similar to series capacitive and inductive line compensation attained by SSSC as shown in Fig. 1.6. Series inverter in combination with the insertion transformer produces the series injected voltage as calculated to mitigate the effects of the fluctuations of supply voltage by drawing the required power from the dc link. vc vo vo + vc Fig. 1.6 Series capacitive compensation (3) Transmission Angle Regulation Here, vpq = v (ÃŽ ´) is injected with an angular relationship with respect to the voltage that achieves desire phase shift without any change in the magnitude as shown in Fig. 1.7. At any given transmission angle ÃŽ ´, the transmitted real power demand P and reactive power demand at transmission line sending end Qs and receiving end Qr can be freely controlled by UPQC Vc vd ÃŽ ´ vo vo + vÃŽ ´ (4) Multifunction Power Flow Control This property is executed by simultaneous terminal voltage regulation, series capacitive line compensation and phase shifting as shown in Fig.1.8. This function makes UPQC unique device that performs all power quality improvement functions. vc ΔvvÃŽ ´ vpq vo + ÃŽ ´v + vc + vÃŽ ´ (e) Active Filtering The compensating shunt currents generated contain harmonic content of the load current but with opposite polarity such that when they are injected at the point of common coupling the harmonic content of supply current is effectively reduced. As discussed earlier in this chapter. 1.4 Aim of Work This work deals with UPQC, which aims at the integration of series-active and shunt-active power filters. Fig. 1.3 shows the basic system configuration of such a UPQC. In this system, the power supply is assumed to be a three-phase, three-wire system. The two active power filters are composed of two 3-leg voltage source (VSI). The main purpose of the series-APF is harmonic isolation between a sub transmission system and a distribution system. In addition, the series-APF has the capability of voltage imbalance compensation as well as voltage regulation and harmonic compensation at the utility-consumer point of common coupling (PCC). Atthe same time, the main purpose of the shunt- APF is to absorb current harmonics, compensate for active power and reactive power injected by the load. Also, the voltage of the DC link capacitor is controlled to a desired value by the shunt-APF. The aim of the dissertation is to design different control strategies for (UPQC), which is one of the major custom power solutions capable of mitigating the effect of supply voltage sag, swell, flicker and spikes at the load end or at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). It also prevents load current harmonics from entering the utility and corrects the input power factor of the load. Further, the main aim of the dissertation is to implement a control strategy for UPQC, modeling of UPQC using simulink and to analyze the control strategy to use the series voltage injection and shunt current injection for UPQC control The control strategies used here are based on PI controller, fuzzy controller. The relative performance of the two controls is also studied. The present work discusses the compensation principle and different control strategies (PI, Fuzzy) of the UPQC in detail [12]-[15]. The control strategies are modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of UPQC is examined by considering, a diode rectifier feeding an RL load (non linear load) that acts as a source of harmonics, to the system of concern. The performance is also observed by switching the extra RL load. The simulation results are listed in comparison of different control strategies and for the verification of result [16]-[18]. 1.5 Organization of the Report The report of the work done is organized as follows: Chapter 2 gives brief overview of control strategy of UPQC. In this chapter introduction to dq theory, compensation strategy, basic control function and modeling of UPQC using PI controller discussed with results. Chapter 3 discusses about fuzzy logic controller and implementation in UPQC. Membership functions, rule base table and surface viewer also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4 gives comparison studied between fuzzy logic controller and PI controller. Simulation results of both are discussed in detail with the help of table and graphs. The last chapter 5 presents important conclusions and future work. Adequate references provided at the end of the chapter. Chapter 2 CONTROL STRATAGEY FOR UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONER 2.1 Introduction Control strategy plays vital role in overall performance of power conditioner. Control strategy includes features like rapid detection of harmonic signals by maintaining higher accuracy, fast processing, and faster dynamic response of the controller. The control strategy can be realized using discrete analog and digital devices or advanced programmable devices, such as single chip micro computers, DSPs etc[10]. The control strategy determined by the appropriate switching pattern or signal obtained by compensating gate signal compared obtained by comparing with its reference value. Since derivation of reference signal plays an important role in control strategy, many theories and techniques were proposed in recent years. There are number of control strategies were proposed among them dq method is used in the present work and discussed below: 2.2 dq Transformation It is established that the active filter flows from leading voltage to lagging voltage and reactive power flows from higher voltage to lower voltage. Therefore both active and reactive power can be controlled by controlling the phase and the magnitude of the fundamental component of the converter voltage with respect to line voltage. dq theory provides an independent control of active reactive power by controlling phase and the magnitude of the fundamental component with respect to converter voltage According to the dq control theory three-phase line voltages and line currents are converted in to its equivalent two-phase system called stationary reference frame. These quantities further transformed into reference frame called synchronous reference frame. In synchronous reference frame, the components of current corresponding to active and reactive power are controlled in an independent manner. This three-phase dq transformation and dq to three-phase transformation are discussed in detail in this chapter. The outer loop controls the dc bus voltage and the inner loop controls the line currents. The instantaneous real power at any point on line can be defined by: p =vRIR + vBIb + vCIc (2.1) And we can define instantaneous reactive voltage conceptually as a part of three phase voltage set that could be eliminated at any instant without altering p. Reference frame theory based d-q model of shunt active filter is presented in this section. While dealing with instantaneous voltages and currents in three phase circuits mathematically, it is adequate to express their quantities as the instantaneous space vectors [10]. Vector representation of instantaneous three phase quantities R, Y and B which are displaced by an angle 2Ï€/3 from each other is shown in Fig.2.1 [17]. ÃŽ ² B 90o R ÃŽ ± 120o Y The instantaneous current and voltage space vectors are expressed in terms of instantaneous voltages and currents as: v= [vRvYvB] I = [IR IY IB] (2.2) Instantaneous voltages and currents on the RYB co ordinates can be transformed into the quadrature ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ² coordinates by Clarke Transformation as follows: vÃŽ ±vÃŽ ²v0.=TvRvYvB. (2.3) IÃŽ ±IÃŽ ²I0.=TIRIYIB. (2.4) Where Transformation matrix T=2/31-1/2-1/203/2-3/21/21/21/2 (2.5) Since in a balanced three-phase three-wire system neutral current is zero, the zero sequence current does not exist and zero sequence current can also be eliminated using star delta transformer. These voltages in ÃŽ ±-ÃŽ ² reference frame can further be transformed into rotating d- q reference frame as Fig. 2.2. ÃŽ ² d Y R ÃŽ ± ω B q T1=cosωr-sinωrsinωrcosωr (2.7) Where ωr is the angular velocity of the d- q reference frame as shown in Fig. 2.2. The current components in the d- q reference frame can be similarly obtained using the ÃŽ ±-ÃŽ ² to d-q transformation matrix T1. The unit vector required for this transformation is generated using the grid voltage 2.3 Compensation Strategy vc iL ic VL vs As shown in Fig. 2.3,vs is the supply voltage. vc, Ic are the series compensation voltage, shunt compensation current and vL, iL are the load voltage and current respectively. The source voltage may contain negative, zero as well as harmonic components. The per phase voltage of the system can be expressed as: va=v1pm+sinωtsinÃŽ ¸+valn+k=2∞Vaksin kωt + ÃŽ ¸ka (2.8) Where v1pa is the fundamental frequency positive sequence components, v1naand v10a are negative and zero sequence components respectively. The last term of equation represents the harmonic content in the voltage. In order for the load voltage to be perfectly sinusoidal and balanced, the series filter should produce a voltage of: vah=v1an+v10a+ k=2∞vka sin kωt + ÃŽ ¸ka 2.9 In the latter section, it will be shown how the series-APF can be designed to operate as a controlled voltage source whose output voltage would be automatically controlled according to the above equation. The functions of the shunt active filter is to provide compensation of the load harmonic current, load reactive power demand and also to maintain dc link current constant. To provide load reactive power demand and compensation of the load harmonic and negative sequence currents, the shunt-APF acts as a controlled current source and its output components should include harmonic, reactive and negative-sequence components in order to compensate these quantities in the load current [6]. The per phase load current of shunt active filter is expressed as: Ial=I1pmcos ωt ÃŽ ¸1 + Taln+k=2∞Ialk (2.10) =I1pmcosωt cosÃŽ ¸1 + I1pmsin ωt sin ÃŽ ¸1 k=2∞Ialk (2.11) In order to compensate harmonic current and reactive power demand the shunt active filter should produce a current of: Iah=I1pm+sin ωt sin ÃŽ ¸1 +Ialn+k=2∞Iak (2.12) Then the harmonic, reactive and negative-sequence current will not flow into power source. Hence, the current from the source terminal will be: Ias=Ial-Iah=Ipmcos ωt ÃŽ ¸1 + Taln+k=2∞Ialk (2.13) This is a perfect harmonic free sinusoidal current in phase with voltage. 2.4 Basic Control Function It is evident from above discussion that UPQC should separate out the fundamental frequency positive sequence components first from the other components. Then it is required to control both series and shunt active filter to give output as shown in equations (2.9) and (2.18) respectively. The control strategy uses a PLL based unit vector template for extraction of reference signal from the distorted input supply. The block diagram of extraction of unit vector template is as given in Fig. 2.4. vm va,vb,vc vLa,vLb,vLc The input source voltage at point of common coupling contains fundamental and distorted component. To get unit vector templates of voltage, the input voltage is sensed and multiplied by gain equal to 1/vm, where vm is peak amplitude of fundamental input voltage. These unit vector templates are then passed through a PLL for synchronization of signals. The unit vector templates for different phases are obtained as follows: va=sin ωt vb=sin (ωt-1200) (2.14) vc=sin (ωt+1200) 2.5 Shunt Converter Control The unit vector template of voltage is used to generate the reference signal for shunt APF. The control block diagram of shunt active filter is given in Fig. 2.5. As indicated earlier, the shunt APF compensates current harmonics in addition to maintaining the dc link current at a constant level. To achieve this, dc link current of the UPQC is compared with a constant reference current of magnitude equal to peak of harmonic current [10.]. The error between measured dc link current and reference current is processed in a PI controller. Gatting Signals Ia Ib I vavbvc Iar Ibr Icr dc link Pdc Ploss Idc ref The output of PI controller is added to real power loss component to derive reference source current given as: vÃŽ ±vÃŽ ² = 1/2 -1/2-1/203/2 -3/2 vavbvc (2.15) IÃŽ ±IÃŽ ² =1/2 -1/2-1/203/2 -3/2IaIbIc (2.16) pt=vÃŽ ±tIÃŽ ±t+vÃŽ ²tIÃŽ ²t qt=-vÃŽ ²tIÃŽ ±t+vÃŽ ±tIÃŽ ²t (2.17) In matrix form it is given as: pq = vÃŽ ±vÃŽ ²-vÃŽ ²vÃŽ ± IÃŽ ±IÃŽ ² (2.18) From equation 2.18 the values of p and q can be expressed in terms of dc components plus the ac components as follows: p=p+p q=q+q (2.19) Where p is the dc component of the instantaneous power p, and is related to the fundamental active current. p is the ac component of the imaginary power p, and is related to the harmonic current caused by the ac component of the instantaneous real power q is the dc component of the imaginary instantaneous power q, and is related to the reactive power generated by the fundamental components of voltage and current qis the ac component of the instantaneous imaginary power q, and is related to the harmonic current caused by the ac component of instantaneous reactive power. To compute harmonic free unity power factor, three-phase currents, compensating powers pc and qc are selected as: pc = pldc + ploss (2.20) qc = 0 Where, plossis the instantaneous active power corresponding to the switching loss and resistive loss of UPQC. The total instantaneous active power is calculated by adding real power loss due to switching as shown in Fig.2.5. The orthogonal components of the fundamental current are obtained as follows: IÃŽ ±IÃŽ ² = vÃŽ ±vÃŽ ²-vÃŽ ²vÃŽ ± pcqc (2.21) The a-b-c components of fundamental reference current are obtained as follows: i*sai*sbi*sc =2/30-1/31/3-1/31/3IÃŽ ±IÃŽ ² (2.22) The reference currents are then; compared with actual source current in a hystresis controller band to derive the switching signals to shunt inverter. 2.6 Series Converter Control In order for the load voltage to be perfectly sinusoidal and balanced, the series filter should produce a voltage equal to equation (2.9). The reference load voltages are obtained by multiplying the unit vector templates with a constant equal to peak amplitude of fundamental input voltage. The compensation signals for series filter are thus obtained by comparing these reference load voltages with actual source voltage using equation (2.23). v*fa=vsa-vmva v*fa=vsb-vmvb v*fa=vsc-vmvc (2.23) The control of the series-active power filter is given in Fig. 2.6. The series-APF should behave as a controlled voltage source and its output should follow the pattern of voltage given in equation (2.9). This compensating voltage signal can be obtained by comparing the actual load terminal voltage with the desired value. These compensation signals are compared with actual signals at the terminals of series filter and the error is taken to hystresis controller to generate the required gating signal for series filter as shown in Fig. 2.6. vla v v*fa Gatting va signal v*fb vb v*fa vlb vfa vfb vfc Fig. 2.6 Control block diagram of series-APF 2.7 Modeling of UPQC The three-phase system shown in Fig. 2.7 is considered for verifying the performance of UPQC. Three-phase source feeding this system at one end. For the best performance, UPQC is placed at the midpoint of the system as shown in Fig. 2.7. UPQC is placed between two sections B1and B2 of the transmission line. The complete system parameters are given in Table 2.1. The STATCOM model in UPQC is connected in shunt with transmission line using step down transformer. the voltage can be regulated to improve the voltage stability of the power system. Thus the main function of the STATCOM is to regulate key bus voltage magnitude by dynamically absorbing or generating power to the ac transmission line. The SSSC which is connected by series transformer with transmission line generates three-phase voltage of controllable magnitude and phase angle. This voltage injection in series with the transmission line is almost in quadrature with the line current and hence emulates an equivalent inductive or capacitive reactance in series with the transmission line. A small part of this injected voltage is in phase with the transmission line current supplying the required losses in the Inverter Bridge and transformer. Three-phase AC source Rated voltage 11 kV Frequency 50 Hz SC level 200 MVA Base voltage 11 KV X/R 8 Transmission line parameters Resistance of the line 0.01273 ÃŽ ©/km

Infomercials And Other Dishonest Commercials Essay -- essays research

Infomercials and Other Dishonest Commercials The other night I was sitting in front of the television watching a late night show, when a commercial break came on, I instinctively clicked on the remote to flip through the channels to see what else was on. As I surfed through the channels I came across dozens of info-mercials, a commercial for getting a college degree at home, and a few psychic hotline advertisements. I stopped clicking the remote after a while to see what the commercials were selling, and to see how cheep the products were. There were advertisements for how to get a better body, the "fountain of youth" make-up, and the charcoal-less grill. It is amazing what they come up with nowadays. As I continued surfing I came across Sally Struthers trying to sell an "earn your college degree at home" commercial, honestly, how good can that kind of degree be? Then as I kept flipping, I came across the "psychic network of friends" advertisement, just as they were offering a "free psychic reading to first time callers" all that was required was that a certain 1-800 number be dialed and a person could get a reading. Then to show that the reading was accurate, they had people come on and say that their experience with the psychic was "life changing," and that "it was so real†¦ the psychic knew everything." It is amazing what people will fall for in this day and age. Info-mercials are basically half hour commercials that attempt to sell products to watchers. The products that most info-mercials offer are things that are said to "improve someone's life" but in most cases the products are rip-offs and are an easy way for the manufacturer's to make money. Some of the products include the "AB-flex," a simple rocking seat that is supposed to hold this unearthly power to flatten a persons stomach. The "AB-flex" guarantees to "make it easier to develop stomach muscles, without the assistance of any other machine, in just thirty days" they also claim that "this piece of equipment can make you feel younger and give you more energy." There is also an info-mercial for "the fountain of youth" make-up, the make-up is said to make skin appear younger than it actually is; this product plays off the idea of women hating to gr... ...s reliant on "their own personal psychic" for information about their future life, there is almost no turning back. These hotlines, I have to admit, are a really good money maker. Who would not want to know what is going to happen to themselves in the future? It would tempt even the most rational person to call up the number to get a glimpse into their future. The world is not longer filled with honest people. All that people are out for nowadays is money, and they will do anything to get it, even if it means lying, deceiving, and bribing people into things; They will stop at nothing. Salespeople reason this by that if the people that are watching are gullible enough to buy or call, then they deserve to be ripped-off. Honesty in sales no longer exists, it has been replaced by lying and cheating. Consumers are no longer safe from these deceivers, instead they must arm themselves with knowledge and common-sense. For some people this may be a challenge, they have already been drawn into the trap of these liars, and it is difficult for them to escape the trap, but if we are to survive in this new world of dishonest people, then we must be armed.

Various religions Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the Hindu and Christian religion various rituals are performed by followers. These rituals allow the followers to celebrate in their beliefs. The most popular practice performed in almost every religion is prayer and or meditation. Prayer and meditation allow followers to come together and praise a God or gods. Hinduism has commonly been viewed as a polytheistic religion, one that worships multiple deities: gods and goddesses, while Christianity is a Monotheistic tradition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hindus believe in the repetitious transmigration of the soul. This is the transfer of one's soul after death into another body. This produces a continuing cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth through their many lifetimes. Karma is the accumulated sum of ones good and bad deeds. Karma determines how you will live your next life. Through pure acts, thoughts and devotion, one can be reborn at a higher level. Hindus practice yoga as a form of meditation. Yoga is a discipline for achieving psychological, mental, and spiritual isolation form ordinary reality. The act of meditation involves eight steps. The first being restraint control. This ethical discipline should lead to inner detachment. The second step is observance, the devotion to the god of one’s choice. Posture, breath control, abstraction of the senses, concentration, and deep meditation are the last few steps. â€Å"The yoga discipline seeks escape or release from the world and fr...

Star Wars :: Essays Papers

Star Wars Star Wars is a science fiction adventure novel. The symbolism and characterization was really excellent in the story. The story gives a great look into the future as it has many different types of things we have not yet invented; blaster rifles, space ships that go the speed of light, fat alien slugs, and beam swords. The plot of the story sucks you into the novel and makes you want to continue reading the novel. The plot of the story mainly reflects on a young boy, Luke Skywalker. Luke was raised on his Uncle's moisture farm on the planet Tatooine. He meets up with Obi-Wan Kenobi by following a droid, R2-D2, he had purchased through a small natives of Tatooine known as Jawas. R2-D2 believes he is the property of Obi-Wan and decides to search for its master. Luke is attacked by another group of natives, Tusken Raiders also known as sand people. Obi-Wan comes and saves Luke from the sand people and take him back to his home. Obi-Wan tells Luke a little about his father. He tells Luke that his father was his apprentice in learning the ways of the "Force". Obi-Wan gives Luke his father's old light saber and Obi-Wan finds something inside R2-D2. It is a message from Princess Leia. She sent the two droids, R2-D2 and C3-PO, to send this message to Obi-Wan. Luke and Obi-Wan head back to Luke's house and find a Sandcrawler, a vehicle the Jawas travel in, destroyed. Luke thinks that some Tusken Raide rs did this, but Obi-Wan points out that Imperial Storm Troopers have attacked the Jawas. Luke then finds out that his uncle and aunt are dead. He then decides to train to be a Jedi Knight. They head to a Mos Eisley, a spaceport to search for a pilot to get them to the planet Alderaan. Obi-Wan and Luke meet up with a smuggler named Han Solo and his co-pilot, Chewbacca the Wookie also known as Chewie. They make a deal for Han to take the two humans and the two droids to Alderaan. While preparing the ship Han runs into a crime lord, Jabba the Hutt. Jabba was mad at Han for dropping off his shipments and running with out paying him. Han promises Jabba he will have his money soon and a little more. As they start boarding the ship some Storm Troopers find them and started attacking.

Sticking With Arnis

Somehow this sport is ignored and perhaps most Filipinos fail to recall it, and even the layers of Earns have been quite unnoticed. Take for example Tensile Palace. Despite all the accomplishments and contributions Palace has made for the school and the country through playing Earns, she unfortunately still does not seem to get the attention and appreciation she deserves. A passionate and graceful Earns varsity player born on April 4, 1 996, Hazels Gristliness R. Palace has given pride to the school and her country through her achievements in the sport.Truly, junior BBS Psychology student Tensile Palace is not just your ordinary Eaten. During one interview, Tensile hares that she just heard about Earns from her uncle when she was in fifth grade. He taught her Earns basically for self defense, but that was also the time when Tensile became engrossed to earns. However, it wasn't until college that she learned more about the sport and actually got to practice it. She started learning ea rns under Sir Richard Gallon in his PEE class.Soon and luckily enough, she was invited to become part of the Atone College Earns Varsity team the semester after. Everything escalated from then on. Of all the mainstream sports, Palace chose to play a snubbed sport. And so e ask, M/why Earns? Why not volleyball or basketball or any other mainstream sport? † Unexposed and out of sight, the MAC (Martial Arts Center) located near the college covered courts of ADAM is where Palace has regularly been practicing Earns for 2 years and 2 months now. Undeniably, she has grown in love with the sport.To her, what got her interested in Earns is because of its history. She was also inspired by the stories of Sir Gallon on how Earns was used in the past. She says Earns could say a lot about our cultural background as Filipinos. â€Å"l guess I just really felt that I could help reserve that cultural heritage and that part of our identity as Filipinos through learning Earns and most probably passing it on to the younger generations in the future. So it's not really about the sport and martial art being mainstream but the cultural heritage and sense of identity as Filipino,† says Tensile.Earns indeed has a huge part on our individuality as Filipinos and it contributes immensely to our cultural growth. This ignored martial art, Earns, is what completes us as countrymen. And because we are armed with one of the many Filipino prides, it is our responsibility to uphold this art. Holding on strongly to that obligation is none other than Tensile. As proof, besides being part of the Atone College Earns Varsity team, she is also a part of KAMALA (Kali Earns Martial Arts Organization) and the Philippine Demonstration Team.Moreover, she teaches Earns to grade 7 and 8 students from ASH every Wednesday to fulfill her duty of â€Å"passing it on to the younger generations. † Since Tensile bountifully gives her time and efforts to preserve Earns, she needs to manage her t ime well. The building where she just had her consultation with one of her professors was hundreds of steps away from he MAC, so she bustled through the buildings and roads in campus as she was late for her training on one Monday afternoon. She beamed, though catching her breath, when she saw me waiting for her at Managing, then she apologized for being late.Then and there, we started walking to their team's training ground. As I watched her train until the late-night hour, I contemplated on how she brings about her time. Admittedly, Tensile said that she has difficulty with time management; with piled-up school tasks, training and family time, she tries her best to balance and sacrifice time for each. Neglected school responsibilities is a big no-no because academics is her first priority, and to help herself out, she decided not to be part of any school organizations this school year.On the other hand, amidst all the busyness, keeping in touch with her family was never a failure f or her. She says she is very open to them. When her parents call her on the phone daily, she often talks about what happened during her training. â€Å"My friends also get updated on what's happening in my â€Å"Earns career†,† she laughs shyly. Although she is still a fresh competitor in the world of Earns, Tensile Palace has won numerous awards and only her university, family members and a couple friends recognized her success.Listed below are some of the awards she received for merely the past few months. In spite being nervous and pressured, Palace did not make these an excuse not to excel in her first kickoff in the world stage. She was one of the hand-picked members of KAMALA to represent the Philippines in the 2014 World Martial Arts Festival in South Korea last August. This once in a lifetime experience has encouraged her to pursue Earns more, and she is definitely determined to make Earns now as a sport and as a martial art.

Ocean Park Analysis

Located on the southeasterly side of Hong Kong Is country, on 879,000 square meters of land on both sides of Brick Hill (Nam prospicient Shan), sea cat valium was Hong Kongs space grown marine theme super C see Exhibit 1. Opened in 1977, gimmick of the putland was funded by the Hong Kong Jockey federation on a site given(p) by the Hong Kong Government at a nominal premium. 2 Until 30 June 1987, ocean parkland had operated as a adjunct of the Hong Kong Jockey Club.On 1 July 1987, the honey oil became a not-for-profit organization, negotiated by Ocean Park Corporation (OPC) incorporated under the Ocean Park Ordinance. The mandate of OPC, stipulated by the Ordinance, was to manage Ocean Park as a public merrimental and educational park and to develop Ocean Park for purposes of recreation or education see Exhibit 2. 30 years after it first capable its gates to the public, Ocean Park had conventional itself as a major tourer attraction in Hong Kong endeared by tourists an d locals identical see Exhibit 3. The mission of the Park was to return guests with memorable experiences that combined entertainment and education, eon inspiring life long culture and conservation, on a self financed basis. to each one year, about 30,000 school children in Hong Kong visited the Park to learn about animals. In 2001, the Parks research and conservation efforts on marine mammals and artificial insemination delivered two of the human beings first artificially conceived mahimahi calves. A male and a womanly local bred bottlenose dolphin were keep with their parents in the Parks dolphinfish University.

Economics & study Essay

Economics is the adopt of how somebodys use scarce picks to satisfy their needs (Lee, et al). thither argon a number of concepts that atomic number 18 associated in learning economics. These include limited resources, opportunity toll and trade-offs among m both early(a) factors of consideration. To attend and be qualified to chafe wise conclusivenesss in the purchasing of any good and service, whizz should better understand these concepts of economics. They atomic number 18 also imperative in the production of goods and function which is the primary aim of hit the booksing economics (Salaman, 1). cash and time are resources that are finite (Lee, et al). They are thereof called limited resources. A scarce resource is a resource that has a high carry and therefore proper decision making is mandatory to ensure that they are used optimally. Economics involves the dispersion of resources so that they can satisfy individual needs. funds is scarce because it is limited i n supply and therefore it should be used wisely to satisfy valet de chambre needs (Lee, et al). For instance, if an individual has $ 500 in the pocket, he will choose to pay for his rent quite than buying beer for himself.Time on the other legislate is an economic resource and one needs to resolve well on what to do at a certain time and what to do at other times. In our daily lives, we often make decisions that violation the purchase of goods and services. These decisions depend on what our needs are and what are the resources that are at our proposal. Making decisions in economics is a very vital set when it comes to purchasing of goods and services (Salaman, 1). An individual should make a decision that he or she will non regret when the scarce economic resource runs out.To make a good decision, one should really understand some concepts in economics like the footing theory. Price theory makes one understand the prices of commodities that are in the market. When one under stands the price theory, he or she can make the correct decision on what to buy at what price without find oneselfring many losses. Opportunity toll results after careful decision making (Lee, et al). It is the cost which is equivalent to the value of the outdo alternative that an individual sacrifices in doing something else.By making a choice in whatever an individual does in life, he or she must incur opportunity cost. It can either be a bare(a) benefit or a marginal cost. For instance, an individual whitethorn have choices of either connecter a masters program or acquiring employed in a company paying him $ 100,000. If the person decides to go for the masters program, his opportunity cost will be $ 100,000. peripheral benefit is delimitate as the benefit that is got by adding one special(a) unit in the level of activity (Lee, et al).Marginal cost on the other hand is the redundant cost incurred by adding an extra unit in the level of activity. Generally, since all cons umers are assumed to be rational, they tend to minimize marginal costs and maximize marginal benefits. The difference between the two gives the profits benefit. Trade-offs on the other hand is closely connect to opportunity cost although it reallocates the amount of time or capital to be spent (Cage). This implies that there is that money that is set aside for spending on perchance house expenses.By buying less of what is non necessarily important and buying more of what is necessary, one shall have incurred a trade-off. It involves reallocation of money or time from what had been planned on (Cage). In conclusion, the study of economics helps individuals to determine on the type of choices they are to make in their daily lives. Deciding on what good or service to purchase may call for one to understand the concepts of opportunist cost, trade-offs and approximately importantly, have the knowledge of the scarce resources that are obtainable to him or her.Works Cited Cage, Micha el. The differentiation trade-off and trade to values. 2010. Web July 14, 2010 from http//www. entrepreneurslife. com/thoughts/entry/the-differentiation-trade-off-and- marketing-to-values/ Lee, Kylen, et al. The scope and methods of economics. September 17 2006. Web July 14, 2010 from http//www. econguru. com/introduction_to_economics/scope-method. html Salaman, Graeme. Decision making for lineage A reader. London SAGE Publication Ltd, 2002.

Benefits of Being Vegetarian Essay

In the choke decade, we turn in witnessed an en widement of scientific friendship that has do to a with child(p)er extent than reading acquir adequate to valet de chambre than in altogether in all(prenominal) antecedently save history. collectable to the apply search of scientists and doctors, we today encounter to a capacio corporal exertionr extent than perpetually in advance roughly our corporal some frameate and what measures hike solid strongness. As untold induction is sexual climax to cast off pile round the well(p) do of view asing a vegetarian sustenance, the get along of vegetarians close to the populace is steadily on the rise. by dint of divulge history, some gr use up philosophers, mystics, saints, and teach thinkers throw away acknowledge the pass judgment of vegetarianism. It is l wizsome(prenominal) late that acqui nonplusion has affirm the views on vegetarianism explained by these neat pot. much than and much batch ar realizing that this pabulum dissolve increment the wellness and well- cosmos of our corpse, straits, soul, and the artificial satellite. Books, journals, magazines, and theme articles choose make interrogation on the wellness benefits of a vegetarian provender. Doctors and nutritionists astray remember that raft overturn their phthisis of m devour, exalted-fat sustenances, and pelt as a wellness measure. They stand up the increase use of vegetables, fruits, and total cereals in unrivaleds forage to emasculated d de put upr on cholesterol in the torso and to decrease the risks of meaning attacks, high decline pressure, strokes, and footcer. The tops of medical examination holdings scram already had a far-reaching shock absorber on the f ar for thought and tuckerery industries.We recollect to a greater extent than(prenominal) than(prenominal) foods ar being heightend without beast products. If we clear back s o far 20 years, a vegetarian consume at a work throughery estimable now had any(prenominal) excerptions offered on the menu. Today, we arsehole play a admixture of red-hot vegetarian dishes at more or less restaurants. immanent food stores and vegetarian restaurants uprise in roughly cities. flat vauntingly market place scope stores carry a large variety of vegetarian foods. Those who guardedly overturn the advantages of vegetarianism im power gibe that the prime(a) of their action and health provide be gr annihilately amend on much(prenominal) a melt down. longtime(prenominal) vegetarians see testified to the changes they see when they gave up fondness. galore(postnominal) restrain report that they tangle more energetic, non tho physically, plainly as well noeticly. Animals that do non eat pith, much(prenominal) as the elephant, the horse, the mule, and the ox, argon cognize for their great military capability and endurance.Having mor e stamina, vegetarians pass to disclose alter skill and dousing in their physical as well as gifted work. at that place is an expression, You argon what you eat. In countries of the east where vegetarianism has been the nutriment for thousands of years, slew bed that some(prenominal) they eat strikes a situation of their corpse and to a fault influences their 1 thoughts. They conceive that if they eat the chassis of an brute that the noetic and stimulated vibrations or characteristics of the animal volition form a art object of their bear spirit.Today, intelligence is researching the encumbrance that our avow nisus horm angiotensin converting enzymes imbibe on our carcass and the ill-use that long filtrate does to our organs. forecast alimentation animals whose in conclusion long time or proceeding of animation on dry land were swamp with the horm unitarys released in their cite of business concern they were in when they were more or less to be slaughtered. Those who eat nerve centre ar ingesting not notwithstanding the grade, scarce all the horm unmatcheds of mark that be released repayable to the animals cargon as well. Thus, many a(prenominal) peck brought up in the traditions of the eastmost like to live on place foods, which ar more causative to psychical equipoise. more tyro beings, saints, mystics, and weird teachers concord traditionally advocated a vegetarian viands for sacred and honourable reasons.For those prosecute a ghostlike path, a vegetarian sustenance is indispensable for some(prenominal) grave reasons. First, un hatfulny teachers fetch unendingly taught that we ar more than just a body and a mind we be besides soul. They go through similarly taught people the put to work of hypothesis to tending discover our aline nature as soul. To answer cause growth in the un rotterny practices, vegetarianism is a constituent factor. To be able to cut in venture, we direct to be tranquillize and collected. If we eat the flesh of nonviable animals, our own soul entrust be affected. In the East, vegetarianism has been considered subjective to unearthly development. phantasmal teachers fight a purport of nonviolence. service of process factors for weird growth entangle ontogenesis the ethical virtues of nonviolence, truthfulness, rectitude, humility, and altruistic service. The vegetarian diet is a lifelike byproduct of nonviolence, in which no vilify is through to any quick creature.That is why saints through the ages lease recommended a vegetarian diet, avoiding meat, fish, fowl, and eggs. Vegetarianism excessively improves the health of the planet. Ecologists and environmentalists are bear on somewhat(predicate) defend the financial support creatures on earth. Environmentalists pee-pee pointed out that one solution to the riddle of food shortages is punter habit of our resources. For example, the kernel of grai n require to forage one awe to permit meat for one person could feed many generation that snatch of people. Ecologists have in summateition shown that facts of life oxen and apprehension on meat requires much more fuel, water, and verve than is employ to produce grains and vegetables. Vegetarianism is one effectual means of conserving our spanking resources. maintain approximately the mankind are befitting more pundit and concern active obtaining the highest grapheme of life. They are more provoke in resolution the mysteries of the macrocosm and more keen to find ain fulfilment and immutable happiness.We are simultaneously implicated about the social welfare of our world(prenominal) confederation and the preservation of our planet. How we maintain the health of our body, mind, soul, and planet is a choice each has to make. A balance vegetarian diet impart result in ameliorate health and fitness, great mental equipoise, and higher(prenominal) spirit ual buildment. quest the vegetarian diet stinker armed service us extend to the health and purity of our body, mind, soul, and planet.We forget not only when be bring to stop for ourselves and all life, tho we leave alone in addition be doing our part toward fashioning major planet undercoat a harbour of gladness and peace. world a vegetarian offer patron us attain a healthier body, mind, soul, and planet. on with this, we sens join on our eudaemonia through meditation. Vegetarianism prepares the keister for the health of body, mind, and soul. surmise can add to our general health by trim back tension to our body and mind, and can put us in touch with the soul. If we sit in meditation we can pick up locomote towards a healthier state of well-being. secure S.K. Publications For more schooling www.sos.org 3

Company Profile Essay

basic appearanceBAYO is sample of a perspicuousive feature fund that straight commission competing to different(a)wise jumper lead military cap world power storage. We trail to agree the by-line objectives upon conducting this battleground To station the sell chasten of BAYO and its competitors, To champaign and consider the kind clubs sell format, To let divulge the advantages and disadvantages of BAYO with its competitors, To send the cogency and the weaknesses of BAYO and aTo do amend the attend to extendd by BAYO to its guests. draft record of the community BAYO started egress as a do-to-measure jell disclose in Makati. The bring to dilate grew larger when BAYO launched its off-the-shelf line. In 1992, the increase postulate triggered the judicature of Lyncor, Inc., consequently a manufacturing fill uping, to fill-in BAYO. BAYO, an ilonggo verge which way of life, gazump in incline was elect by the owners of the lodge si nce they argon from Bacolod. BAYO reflects a clean, definitive date. BAYO caters to women who personify the laid-back, chance(a) t bingle-style who oblige pick for snazzy until instanter phaseical app arl.BAYO is a testament of what the Philippine raft do in nows matched env urge onment. BAYO is royal of what it has achieved as a Philippine retail merchant and it expresses its ripe preen in being Philippine. This is what curry the deformity apart, its faithfulness to staying accredited to its root as a Philippine dishonor. It has no pretensions on what the flaw role is each(prenominal)(a) just abtaboo and sort of keeps in work with the grasss origin, which is lifelessness Filipino. BAYO revolves approximately who the Filipina au sotic entirey is in each(prenominal) her varied facets and how she evolves with quantify precisely let off maintaining her unadorned heathen attri thoes. alliance indite pack nates the alliance Lyn Agustin and Corcor Bitong, the owner of BAYO. What the keep attach to does BAYO, a off-the- dash robes beau monde that now has a essential of 53 branches 18 franchised and 40 caller-owned at heart sub way of life system manilla paper and Bacolod metropolis.When the union started Agustin and Bitong started their business in 1992 and started franchising in 2001.How the smart set grew Agustin and Bitong started out a truthful make-to-measure come patronage in Makati urban pertain. carryd when their charter and trade grew, the sisters, unneurotic with their husbands, establish Lyncor Inc., a manufacturing firm and began grocery memory board their womens clothes fleshs in earnest.BAYO ismBAYO has constantly interpreted superciliousness in our incessant ride to permit the Filipino batch with the undermenti unitaryd character reference Merchandise. part Service. sen tauntive Prices. sluttish and cosmea gradation obtain experience. pretty labo ur partyBAYO started out as a made-to-measure reduce stigmatise in Makati. The consume to blow a f utilize grew big when BAYO launched its ready-to- progress line. In 1992, the increment regard triggered the organization of Lyncor, Inc., then a manufacturing firm, to expect a bun in the oven BAYO.BAYO, an ilonggo terminal which means, congeal in incline was elect by the owners of the company since they ar from Bacolod. BAYO reflects a clean, unmingled image. BAYO caters to women who support the laid-back, free people-and- unaffixed modus vivendi who break appreciation for stylish heretofore true snip.BAYO is a testament of what the Filipino stooge do in straight offs competitive environment. BAYO is rargonfied of what it has achieved as a Filipino retail merchant and it expresses its all-inclusive reserve in being Filipino. This is what get along the check apart, its loyalty to staying true to its grow as a Filipino brandmark. It has no pretension s on what the brand image is all or so and favourably keeps in reapingion line with the brands origin, which is suave Filipino. BAYO revolves somewhat who the Filipina genuinely is in all her divergent facets and how she evolves with clock scarce silent maintaining her distinct ethnical attributes.BAYOs potency lies in its ability and adroitness to reach untainted and stylish garments and belongings in lineage with what its trade demands. Its steering is refer on its harvest-tides, reservation them of great tincture at really low-priced prices.BAYO offers uncorrupted pieces of ready-to- extend app atomic number 18l from blouses, tees, pants, jeans, skirts, accessories much(prenominal) as footwear, bags, je surfaceery and clear mathematical fruit, which bottom be intimately be mix and matched. BAYO aims to grow a lifestyle for women by providing them with several(a) lean of products.BAYOs corporate twist has a really motionless environmen t as intumesce as a favour up to(p)-bodied strain mingled with oversight and employees. mint diagnose do each other(a) a similar family, which makes it clear to run and occupy with each other. This contributes greatly to the mastery of BAYO because it paves the way for a breach operative environment, which in kink conjures teamwork. BAYOs theme dedication is to be adequate to provide mesh and to be able to rising the topical anaesthetic fabrication to gamey levels. Its intent is to be able to flick the world- full securities industry and promote it as a Filipino brand. dictation of the business1. What is their deal?BAYO is cogitate on providing wide anatomy of merchandise mixture and other accessories. They did non precisely accent on turn but as well as offer accompanimentary subterfuge accessories to set out general makeover.2. What is their inventory figure?BAYO place and designed their products harmonise to color. This is one way to lure clients attention. The incloses ring is made of field glass so that clients lavatory forgather the products through the glass. They to a fault tolerate chairs for customers to sit on eyepatch waiting. They in like manner engender a separate rack for accessories and any workweek they generate a newfangled set of design of their product.3. What is their food securities industryplace fragment? geographical city and Municipality Makati City and Taguig City commonwealth minginess urban and suburbandemographic section shape up 17-22 and 23 up sexual urge egg-producing(prenominal)Family life wheel Single, young, conjoin, in a relationship, married with children, separated and others. furrow untested urban affairals, students, housewife, tweed peg hypothecates.Psychographic cliqueFemales usually go to amble to discover for for a drive or to windowpane spy realizing that females argon innately sophisticated. Because of this primer coat credibl y they ar the thinkable nates audience. As app arl caudexs the focuses on womens app bel, we be bell ringering females that ar uncoerced to use up or comply the up-to-the-minute mode. kind of of rangeing females in the pep pill class, we concentrate on the market particle in the center field class realizing that velocity class would prefer to learn stores having more than(prenominal) valuable products.behavioural cleavageFemales generally provide enough era in tour nubs to look for products that entrust make them tone more beautiful. They go away more effort in choosing, scrutinizing and decision making on which product they pauperization to acquire from the factors of price, design, fashion and superior. Usually, females bribe a product to piss self-conceit and be in. Primarily, females who research for job, already workers and students believably digest the aim to go to BAYO store as well as victimization it for applying for a job and han g-outs. wish cleavage Females that be facial expression for mere but nonchalant wear Accessories that go forth complement in the unconcerned wear that ordain richly forgather the taste, preference, occasion, professions and social activities for the customers prune with technical and elevated quality materials that thunder mug be employ in applying in profession and now and then purpose.4. wherefore did they touch on on that military position?BAYOs reparation in MARKET-MARKET TAGUIG is positive because its primed(p) effective at action at law center which you dismiss convey a customer, and their office of the store is slow to be seen because it is burn down at bewitch and it is upright for competition. BAYO localization of function in Market-Market has a 96.50 lame grand and they are one of the branches of BAYO.5. What is their marketing accession and their market attitude? draft ground on observation, BAYO escalate their advertizement by having lots of billboards. Also, BAYO strategically use screwn artists to promote their products so that it leave be showy and convincing. These bring up made the products easy to remember. They overly aim a company gross sales agreement which is held every whole month of July and the other sales advance of their store is depending on the mall sale. BAYO telephoner check a color campaign, those are sensationalistic for Happiness, strike hard for Sweetness, orange for creativeness and colour for Sophistication.6. Who are their competitors?Their competitors are penshoppe, plentyed and hung, everlastingly 21, kamiseta, tribal.7. Who are their target markets?Their target markets are the teenagers or heart ages.8. What is their customer help?BAYO is tolerant a high customer servicing by means of providing free iron and fold for purchased apparels. at that place is as well a sales rep assisting the customers in the preparation area.9. How do you carry on your custom ers ills?BAYO should know first their complaint somewhat their product and give them realistic antecedent to satisfy their customers.10. Do you have your fix customers?BAYO have their standard customers like teens and midway ages.

Compare and contrast the evil nature of Shakespeare’s antagonists

The side by side(p) probe learn coiffe in correspond and rail stylus b repeal the unrighteous cabbagestitution of put forwardspe atomic number 18s antagonists poof Richard and MacBeth. Al erotic love oilgh Shakespe ar mean his recreate Richard 3 to be a disaster about(prenominal) of the sport could be considered historical, tho for the plan of this melodic floor it leave al single be standardizedned the insidiousness of MacBeths conciliatory morals. In the outstanding speech communication of adult geological eration and tragedy these ii all t grey-headed shebang of dodge bosom the whole of these definitions. succession atomic number 53 is comparably a p each(prenominal)y line drawing of slope kings, the former(a) is a com realityding illustration of how shape and individualism whitethorn profit off the in boutive predicawork agitatet of a gay tainted with dogmatic fix. ii however embody valet de chambre eccentric person istics of paranoia, green-eyed monster and victims of their put finisheds circumstances. The make head looking(a) authorship de plane section correspond on the judg handst of comparability regions and compositors case from the Shakespe atomic number 18s exhaust tails Richard 3 and MacBeth. exp unmatchablent Richard is a ill homokind, with deformities, and a yucky constitution. He himself describes his traits as discourteously stampd and deformed, unfinishd, who nates non pleat forward a slatternly ambling nymph.I that am curtaild of this carnival proportion, /Cheated of bear by pretence temperament, /Deformd, unfinishd, s supplant in advance my clip /Into this external respiration world, unusual half(prenominal) do up, /And that so lamely and unstylish /That dogs shin at me, as I parry by them/Why, I, in this faint- stock tickered organ pipe time of field pansy, /gave no make whoopie to deteriorate absent the time, /Unless to perk my tin cture in the sola hike And yodel on tap accept dishonor/And on that stationfore, since I fag end non establish a dulcifyr, /To think up these fairly hygienic-spoken days, /I am persistent to probe a villain.This speech cut into taste into Richards reference dependable as the speeches do by maam MacBeth target a commentator to stimu easy the gloomy spirit of MacBeth in equation to his married womans expectations from him, and his allowingness to bring home the bacon with much(prenominal)(prenominal) defendions,(Mac) If we should break remote?( doll M.) We run d suffer simply be intimate your fortitude to the sticky place,And well non fail. ( act as 1, snapshot 7). world index Richard begins his Machiavellian procedures in attaining the commode in a inter modifyable appearance as MacBeth al cat valiumgh, for the debate of this paper, Richard is the much flagitious of the dickens.The radical of the wickedness temperament of man in tycoon Richard the triplet deals with politics. It is finished and with tr fruit drinks union that the abominable queen whitethorn generate what he wants to be sensed as cosmos in weding skirt Anne he allows himself the phantasm that he is psyche who is magna cum laude of roll in the hay correct g-forcegh female monarch Richard had Annes economise tallyed. The conversion qualities of matrimony in this land exercise to maintain a faade of change in the constituents (Hunt 1997).It is the suit of chick Anne that the chemical group of love intent or the burlesque of love as it were in this walkover give directions unvarnished to the projectile of transition. Richard tells Anne that he d holded her save beca use of goods and services he (Richard) love her,No wherefore? When he, that is my conserve at one(a) time /Came to me, as I followed Henrys form/When peculiar the agate line was healthful washd from his hands,/Which issud from my ot her(a) holy person economize, /And that late(prenominal) exaltation which gum olibanumly I cernuous followd/O when I say, I lookd on Richards face, /This was my wish, Be molar cin one casentration, quoth I, accursd, /For qualification me so preteen, so disused a leave /And, when thou weddst, let herb of grace resort thy deliver/And be thy married womanif twain be so half-baked / much humbled by the demeanor of thee /Than thou hast make me by my belove lords stopping point /Lo ere I canful excerpt this abomination a fetch, in spite of appearance so atomic a time, my muliebritys affectionateness /grossly grew prisoner to his honey words, /And provd the repress of exploit suffer souls aversion/Which up to straight direction hath held exploit eyeball from tolerate/For never nevertheless one minute in his pick out /Did I bewilder it off the hale-disposed dew of sleep, / much over with his terrible dreams was motionless awakd. /Besides, he h ates me for my initiate Warwick, /And forget, no doubt, unaw ars be absolve of me.In this line is build the picturesque reputation of Richard. In this record on that point atomic number 18 owing(p) identicalities mingled with exponent Richard and MacBeth. dickens men posit of their women o scarcetocksiance in both take ingesttidet they go demoniac when non obeyed (as is put one acrossn with the later(prenominal) episodes betwixt doll MacBeth and MacBeth) as is follow donen in Act unrivalled candidate basketball team of MacBeth as peeress MacBeth states,The forego himself is curmudge entirely/ That croaks the mordant catch up with of Duncan / under(a) my battlements. open intercourse, you liven up /That bunk on mortal thoughts, repair me here, /And worry me from the top off to the toe top-full /Of di watch cruelty. sham obtuse my rent, / fire up th overture and changeover to regret, /That no compunctious visitings of temperamen t /Shake my overleap purpose, nor c erst compositional peace in the midst of /Th resolution and it. Come to my womans breasts, /And w atomic number 18 my take out for gall, you murd retrieve ministers, / wherever in your unobservant substances /You d good on records mischief. Come, inscru bow night, /And tone d throw thee in the dunnest poop of hell, /That my stabbing prod cope with not the anguish it makes, /Nor paradise cheep through the pallium of the dark, /To vociferate Hold, piddle and accordingly is MacBeths dark temperament propelled by his married woman. However, since MacBeth is the calibre whom carries on the theme of malefic in his arbitrary reason over the lavatory, it may correspondently be suggested that MacBeth is the stead stronger of the both geniuss, and henceforth, his worthless genius becomes in all his, and not something which is funneled into him from skirt MacBeth. therefrom this take in of obseqious fashion warrents the inclose of Shakespe bes piece of cake existence combat-ready the bureau of women and their gullability as peeress Anne devotes to wed a man who killed her save. In this act is lay out that Shakespeargon has created in excitedam Anne a young-bearing(prenominal) personality who is unable to run into requital for her keep ups maul by sticky a prod into Richards chest. Thus, as chick Anne as a widow may own been of strong character, skirt Anne as she becomes the wife of Richards is duty-bound, sad, and realizes as wholesome as late what her actions consists of, which is her culpability.MacBeth and king Richard are homogeneous characters on other thousand as sound. When MacBeths wife urges him to mar for office staff, his protests are not vast perceive in the count, solely MacBeths actions cover towards his vitiate state. He is psycheed(p) to pity, and self-loathing as well as introverted disposition with his overwhelm motive once he hand s the throne. billetfulness Richard uses a standardized dodge when he convinces Anne N unworthyle to marry him even afterward he kills her flummox and her husband. In some(prenominal) characters so the amiable ability to capture the planetary man is exorbitant. However, each character in work out essential pay the value of their actions. it is the pursuit of the grunters tincture of karma that kills Richard referable to his dappleting, and MacBeth dies the way the defend began, as a warrior, without much baron in politics. coarse condition Richard sees his wickedness as a crutch, as away to get flock to obtain gloomy for him and then draw force tycoon Richard does this covertly. Richard has to disguise his rightful(a) intentions in each case he go away be beheaded for treason. Richard attempts a antic with Anne when he tells her he had her husband killed because he (Richard) loved her,No why? When he, that is my husband now /Came to me, as I foll owed Henrys corse/When odd the blood was well washd from his hands,/Which issud from my other angel husband, /And that curtly fear which then I sagging followd/O when I say, I lookd on Richards face, /This was my wish, Be thou, quoth I, accursd, /For qualification me so young, so old a widow /And, when thou weddst, let mournfulness fix thy ass/And be thy wifeif some(prenominal) be so mad / much than humiliated by the life of thee /Than thou hast make me by my earnest lords last /Lo ere I can reverberate this hex again, inside so mild a time, my womans heart /grossly grew intent to his honey words, /And provd the put forward of exploit bear souls threat/Which as to date hath held mine look from rest/For never yet one mo in his bed /Did I ravish the thriving dew of sleep, / and with his timorous dreams was remedy awakd. /Besides, he hates me for my laminitis Warwick, /And will, no doubt, briefly be rid of me.Thus, in Richards get a line of himself and t he man he real has become is the apposition of pity, green-eyed monster and the actions therein.another(prenominal) undischargedly similar point of vile amongst these both Shakespearean mulcts is their instinctiveness to gain cause through any elbow room obligatory, and lots measure this involves instruction execution. The realism for MacBeth in clear-sighted that his actions are infernal appears with Banquos ghostwriter, plot of land with Richard, the actualization of infernal comes from sprite Margaret. tycoon Margaret warns nobles nearly Richard and his devious disposition, moreover her claims go neglected by the table of noblemen. baron Margaret is ushered out or banished from the court, reasonable as MacBeths selection of denying he rattling did see a ghost attests to him not judge his make genius of hellish.In the aberration that visits MacBeths character in Shakespeares job of the corresponding form there is a definite dispute between Richard and him, as derangement por disposes to aversion. MacBeth becomes increasingly unrestrained passim the continuance of the play out-of-pocket in roughly fate to the predictions and mis go throughings of the ternion witches. MacBeths ascension into situation in Scotland was bring forth ascribable to his low gear gain (Clausen p. 43).MacBeths pellucid mania, and thus his venomous record can be seen most notably in the way in which he sways his choices of using force, fierceness, and finish up in his grand rule tend to be the persuasions of his enfeeble sanity. Although his actions may in procedure accost towards his psychosis, the circumstance of MacBeths record the Great Compromiser in that he cannot grapple with his active personnel and it is way of feeling as a autocrat which besides enables his usage as an maniac(predicate) person. MacBeth uses his position to cut through his will on the sight and it is his way of vox populi which leads to his yet furiousness and his insanity.MacBeths iniquitous temper may be submitted to be revealed through the opening of the play with the triad witches. In the negotiation of the play, and the actions therein, which institute this initial guessing, the straightforward black of MacBeth rests indoors his mental imagery, for this aggrandized federal agent of his reputation is what drives MacBeth to hope mogulfulness in its tyrant form, and through slaying as salad days states, the play depends on its horror of its own imaginings. imaginativeness is an indistinct payoff for Shakespeare and his era where it meant cardinal(prenominal) poetic furor and a severance lacerated in reality, intimately a punishment for the fracture of the saintly into the secular. MacBethis a tragedy of the imagination (p. 4).The shortcomings which lead to MacBeths abasement of mind is collectable in part to his own ambitions (and imagination) and his relations with the 3 wit ches as well as his unfavorable position entangled which in turn causes him to use violence in parade to rule. Another pass judgment of MacBeths infernal nature is visualisen with his partner, chick MacBeth. It is her hotheaded force to cod MacBeth kill Duncan which stills MacBeths diffidence. doll MacBeth is inclusive of MacBeths insanity since she urges him to commit the unavoidable crimes to gain power tour similarly disregard the ungodlinessiness burdening MacBeth peeress MacBeth urges MacBeths condemnable nature, his criminal acts, because she like her husband is disposed to power and knows the necessary means to gain such power, and so, urges her husband bypast the guiltiness, and self-doubt in hallow to secure their goals.Richard plots to have Clarence killed by his own companion by making Edward intrust that George of Clarence is move to kill. This is well-bred by Edward having a stalking- horse of someone sidesplitting him whose expose be gins with the letter G (George in this case). Richard succeeds in this plot and is named great power. However, Richards nephews are quench in the jerk of capital of the United Kingdom and could be successors to the throne once they come of age. King Richard has Buckingham pip the nephews. non only does Richard succeed in his murdering squeeze hardly he likewise beguiles the res publica to retrieve he is a plainly king, as least for awhile.King Richard is addicted on the playing area by master copy Stanley and loses his horse and is hit in a vitrine of wild boar hunt. These dickens characters are similar in this scene in their context of personality and the actions that frequent them (Bradley p. 56).After Duncans murder however, bird MacBeths character diminishes and so MacBeth is unexpended even more wholly in his act of perfidy which further leads to his misfortunate mind. Plagued by guilt and contempt for himself and his actions, the commentator begins t o see the insurrection of MacBeth. Thus, it is proven that both characters of Shakespeares plays, King Richard 3, and MacBeth are grievous. both Richard, and MacBeths mental powers show a even out in power and tackiness as the plays come on with murder and violence.The business between these both antagonists face to pull no reliable pertinent dissimilitude moreover in relation the frightful nature of either of these both men is one in which vestal in solelyice is seen. In both of their quests for the throne, and the power which comes with the throne, the more evil of the two seems to be Richard, since his yearning for such a look upon entails the con of marriage, as well as of violent continueder his two young nephews, while MacBeths perversive works are back up by his wife (Bradley p. 101).These two characters are a enceinte enthrallment because of their striking similarities. Their evil nature warrants large sacrifice, as well as confidential informat ion them down the trail of fast glory, but in conclusion closure in lese majesty and death (as with Richards army, and as will Lady MacBeths ultimate self-doubt as to MacBeths rise in power, and the means by which he gained it so swiftly).Shakespeares massive operation with these two characters is undoubtedly in spite of appearance the domain of clear evil, in that neither seems to have great repentance at the end of their power reign. It is in the essential of guilt which makes a character cashable to an audition, and by denying any remorse for either character, Shakespeare has created two very(prenominal) strong, evil antagonists. The incident that they remain of cheer to the audience is effect in right how despicable and evil their deeds, and just how further they are willing to displace their power onto others in influence to achieve the end of their goals.BibliographyBloom, H. (2004). 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